Iomarkers in resistance to HIV-1 infection Luanda Mara da Silva Oliveira1; Josenilson Feitosa de Lima1; Fabio Seiti Yamada Yoshikawa1; LiBarbara Arruda1; Bosco Christiano Maciel da Silva1; Fernanda de Mello Malta2; Alberto Jose da Silva Duarte1; Maria Notomi SatoLaboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Dermatology Department, Tropical Medicine Institute, Medicine School of University of S Paulo, S Paulo, Brazil; 2Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Tropical Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, Tropical Medicine Institute, Medicine College of University of S Paulo, S Paulo, BrazilBackground: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate communication and info exchange among cells by carrying genetic supplies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are smaller non-coding RNAs involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and they’re able to play important roles in viral infections. Alterations of certain miRNAs were described in HIV infection. Considering the fact that EVs are abundantly located in plasma, their miRNA profile could possibly be a biomarker in HIV infection. Right here, we investigated no matter if a specific miRNA signature may very well be associated to organic resistance to HIV-1. Procedures: We isolated EVs from 800 of plasma of five HIV-1 exposed uninfected individuals (EU), 5 HIV typical progressors (TP), seven HIV elite controllers (EC) and four healthful controls by using exoRNeasy serum/plasma kit. The expression of 84 miRNAs connected to inflammatory response and autoimmunity was analysed by RT-qPCR (miScript miRNA PCR Array). Expression levels had been calculated from Ct values by the Livak approach. Benefits: We observed that infection and/or exposure to HIV-1 alters the expression profile of miRNAs in circulating EVs. An improved expression of miR-125b-5b in EC group in comparison with TP was detected, suggesting that this miRNA may possibly be linked for the higher resistance of EC for the virus. In addition, levels of miR-372 and miR-449b-5p expression were reduced in EU compared with HD people, indicating thatBackground: Retroviruses exploit cellular machinery to Cathepsin G Proteins Recombinant Proteins propagate and modulate the immune response. Striking similarities happen to be observed inside the generation and dissemination of retroviruses and little extracellular vesicles (EVs) by the host cells. EVs are thought to facilitate intercellular communication processes and transfer RNA, DNA, retrotransposon and protein. They’re able to mediate immune functions or mask virus elements from immune surveillance. They’re able to also contribute to the horizontal transfer of oncogenes or pathogenic elements for instance virus elements or prion, inducing deregulation in the recipient cell and propagation in the disease. JSRV is definitely an oncogenic retrovirus that transform lung epithelial cell by means of the oncogenic properties of its envelope protein. It causes an adenocarcinoma in compact ruminants. Amongst the cells isolated from the virus-induced tumours, we’ve got isolated a population of uninfected but transformed cells, suggesting a transformation by a mechanism diverse in the retroviral infectious cycle. We hypothesize that EVs could recruit the JSRV envelope AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 (AKT2) Proteins Molecular Weight protein and take part in the deregulation of lung cells. Approaches: We’ve got characterized EVs released by cells expressing the envelope protein and evidenced the presence of your protein and its mRNA (Western Blot, RT-PCR, electron microscopy). Results: We’re presently studying the influence of this cargo on cell proliferation and transformation, on Akt/p70S6K signalling pathwa.