Art in the UMSA-IBMB Diarrheal Illness Project supported by the Swedish Agency for Research Financial Cooperation (SIDA) (to A.-M.S. and ?S.). E.J. acknowledges economic assistance in the Swedish Institute plus the International Science Programme (ISP). We also acknowledge RO1 NIAID AI0094001 funding to T.S. We acknowledge the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) in the University of Texas at Austin for supplying high-performance computing resources that have contributed to the analysis benefits reported in this paper (tacc.utexas.edu).
Phang et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013, 13:243 biomedcentral/1472-6882/13/RESEARCH ARTICLEOpen AccessAntioxidant potential, mGluR1 Activator review cytotoxic activity and total phenolic content material of Alpinia pahangensis rhizomesChung-Weng Phang, Sri Nurestri Abd Malek and Halijah IbrahimAbstractBackground: Alpinia pahangensis, a wild ginger distributed within the lowlands of Pahang, Malaysia, is used by the locals to treat flatulence. In this study, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities with the crude aqueous methanol and fractionated extracts of Alpinia pahangensis against five various cancer and 1 normal cell lines have been investigated. The total phenolic content of each extract and its fractions were also quantified. This is the very first report around the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Alpinia pahangensis extract. Procedures: Within the present study, the crude methanol and fractionated extract on the rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis have been investigated for their antioxidant activity using four distinctive assays namely, the DPPH αLβ2 Inhibitor manufacturer scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging, -carotene bleaching and decreasing energy assays while their phenolic contents were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu’s process. In vitro neutral red cytotoxicity assay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity against 5 various cancer cell lines, colon cancer (HCT 116 and HT-29), cervical cancer (Ca Ski), breast cancer (MCF7) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines, and one particular standard cell line (MRC-5). The extract that showed high cytotoxic activity was further investigated for its chemical constituents by GC-MS (gas chromatography ass spectrometry) evaluation. Results: The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging (0.35 ?0.094 mg/ml) and SOD activities (51.77 ?four.9 ) while the methanol extract showed the highest reducing power as well as the strongest antioxidant activity in the -carotene bleaching assays in comparison to other fractions. The highest phenolic content was found within the ethyl acetate fraction, followed by the crude methanol extract, hexane and water fractions. The outcomes showed a good correlation involving total phenolic content with DPPH radical scavenging capacities and SOD activities. The hexane fraction showed potent cytotoxic impact against KB, Ca Ski and HCT 116 cell lines with IC50 of 5.eight ?0.1 and 9.1 ?2.0 ug/ml, respectively. The major components of hexane fraction analysed by GC-MS analysis had been mainly methyl esters. Conclusions: The existing study suggests that the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of A. pahangensis is really a potential source of all-natural antioxidant for protective at the same time as prevention of life-threatening ailments. The hexane fraction of A. pahangensis may have the possible to be developed into therapeutic selection for treating cancer. Search phrases: Alpinia pahangensis, Antioxidant, Phenolic content material, Cytotoxic activity Correspondence: [email protected] Institute of Biological Scienc.