Not readily available (n 3) Records removed for precisely the same study population (n
Not obtainable (n 3) Records removed for the exact same study population (n two)IncludedStudies included in quantitative synthesis (metaanalysis) (n 22)Figure Flow diagram of literature search.have been twosided using a statistical significance level of 0.05.RESULTSStudy characteristicsFor dietary cholesterol, 4 articles with four research (four cohort research and 0 casecontrol studies) had been integrated, involving 439355 participants. [6,20,2,3436] For serum TC, six articles with 8 research (six cohort studies and two casecontrol research) have been included, involving 805697 participants. The detailed characteristics on the included studies are shown in Tables and two.[35,79,2633].308 (95 CI: .097.559, I 55.3 
, Pheterogeneity 0.006). The pooled RRs for casecontrol and cohort two research were .523 (95 CI: .226.893, I PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12740002 49.7 , Pheterogeneity 0.037) and .023 (95 CI: 0.87.200, 2 I 0.0 , Pheterogeneity 0.508), respectively. The pooled RRs for studies performed in North America, Europe and others have been .275 (95 CI: .058.537, 2 I 29.three , Pheterogeneity 0.25), .49 (95 CI: 2 0.863.53, I 55.4 , Pheterogeneity 0.047) and two.495 two (95 CI: .5653.977, I 0.0 , Pheterogeneity 0.362), respectively (Figure two). Serum TC and also the risk of pancreatic cancer: Serum TC level (highest vs lowest) was not significantly associated using the threat of pancreatic cancer (RR two .003, 95 CI: 0.859.7, I 55.five , Pheterogeneity 0.028). The pooled RRs for European and Asian two populations were .034 (95 CI: 0.722.48, I 65. , Pheterogeneity 0.035) and .005 (95 CI: two 0.847.92, I 56.2 , P heterogeneity 0.077), respectively.Quantitative synthesisThe primary results are summarized in Table 3. Dietary GNF-7 cholesterol as well as the risk of pancreatic cancer: For the highest vs lowest category of dietary cholesterol, the pooled RR of pancreatic cancer wasWJGwjgnetMarch 28, 205Volume 2Issue 2Table Qualities of studies for dietary cholesterol included in the metaanalysisCutpoints for cholesterol exposure RR (95 CI) Age and packyears of smoking Adjustment for covariatesRef.Country (year)Study designMean age (casecontrol) Sample size Percentage of males (casecontrol) (instances)Lin et al[3]Chan et al[4]Wang J et al . Cholesterol and pancreatic cancerWJGwjgnet64.765. NA NA 54.75.9 6.657. 56.250.5 327 09 2233 532 5667 628 64.664.eight 56.653.5 NA 54.948.3 NA 53.453.4 978 326 754 249 644 64 Dietary cholesterol exposure (mg), 206 (referent), 206330, 330 [2.06 (.three.85)] Dietary cholesterol exposure (gd) median, 22.8 (referent), 92.six, 257.six, 368.9 [.5 (.two.0)] Dietary cholesterol cutpoint (mgwk) 966.26 (referent), 966.26242.753, 42.754880.265, 880.266 [.57 (.092.26)] Mean distinction every day quartile 4quartile (569 mg) [0.95 (0.5.75)] Dietary cholesterol [.33 (0.722.45)] NA 50.056. 63.962. 54.25.5 NA 52.949. NA NA NA NA 6560 5.245.3 5857 NA 62.263.2 6.845.six 305 0 27 63 90545 482 88802 78 362 8 357 04 48 79 20852 Hu J et al[5]Japan 2005 Usa 2007 Canada Casecontrol Casecontrol CasecontrolAge, sex, BMI, race, education, smoking, history of diabetes and power intake Age, sex, BMI, province, education, alcohol drinking, pack year smoking, total of vegetable and fruit intake, saturated fat and total power intake Caloric and fibre intake, lifetime cigarette consumption Age, sex, response status, total smoking and dietary intake of energyHowe et al[7]Metropolitan Toronto 990 Bueno de Mesquita Netherlands 99 et al[8]Casecontrol CasecontrolLucenteforte et al[9] Italy CasecontrolBaghurst et al[26]Ghadirian et al[27]Heinen et al[.