Mokers don’t use prescription smoking cessation medications. A qualitative method was well suited to the research concerns guiding the current study, which had been: (1) What does quitting unassisted mean to smokers (2) What variables influence smokers’ choices to quit unassisted So as to contextualise the findings of our qualitative study, we also performed a comprehensive evaluation in the literature on non-use of smoking cessation help. approach by manually searching the reference lists of relevant papers. Articles were integrated if: (1) the report reported on non-use of smoking cessation assistance; (2) the report was published in 2000 or later; and (three) the report was in English. Articles had been excluded if (1) they reported only on the characteristics or demographics of smokers who did not use assistance; (2) the study was evaluating the feasibility of a smoking cessation intervention; or (3) the study reported only on particular 
subpopulations for example pregnant women, youth or prisoners. We identified 1066 articles of which 14 met the inclusion criteria (figure 1). The included papers were not critically appraised for high quality as our intent was not to synthesis the results on the studies, but to report on how the situation is at present framed. Qualitative study style A constructivist grounded theory methodology underpinned the study design, analysis concerns, data collection, analysis and interpretation.35 Inside a grounded theory study, data collection and analysis are iterative with each informing the other. Sampling is theoretically driven, that is, researchers shape their sampling method primarily based around the building evaluation. Recruitment continues till theoretical saturation has occurred and an explanation generated for the course of action or phenomenon under investigation.36 Recruitment and participant choice We recruited from the general community employing standard media (media release, print and on line newspaper articles, talk-back radio) too as social media (Twitter, Facebook). Prospective participants have been screened for eligibility. Eligible participants have been adult (18+ years of age) ex-smokers who had quit unassisted in the prior 6 months to two years. Threat of relapse to smoking, which reduces with time quit,37 38 was balanced against potential for recall bias.39 Participants’ smoking and quitting MedChemExpress Salvianolic acid B histories (eg, cigarettes each day, years smoking, number and style of prior quit attempts) and standard demographic data (eg, age, gender, education, revenue and geographical location) were collected. Eligible participants were initially purposively sampled (n=9), after which theoretically sampled around the basis of their screening data (n=12). We chosen ex-smokers with varied smoking and quitting histories from a diverse selection of backgrounds. This sampling technique ensured we generated rich, relevant and diverse data pertinent for the study questions and to our evolving theories about quitting and usenon-use of assistance. Participants had been supplied AU 80 reimbursement for sparing their time. We interviewed 21 ex-smokers who had quit without having help within the PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330032 past six months to two years. Participant traits are summarised in table 1. Conducting the interviews Interviews took spot amongst December 2012 and December 2013. Where geographically feasible,Smith AL, et al. BMJ Open 2015;five:e007301. doi:ten.1136bmjopen-2014-METHODS Literature overview We searched MEDLINE through OvidSP, PsycINFO by way of OvidSP and CINAHL via EBSCO in Februa.