This article.9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.15.16. 17. 18.19.20. 21.22.23.24.25.Data availabilityThe authors declare that all data supporting the findings of this study are obtainable within the paper along with the Supplementary Info or are readily available in the corresponding authors upon request. A reporting summary for this article is accessible as a Supplementary Data file. The source data underlying Figs. 1b, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3c, 4a, 4c, 4d, 5d, and 5e, too as Supplementary Figures 1b, 1c, 2a, 2c, 2d, 3a, 4b-f, 5a, 5b, 5d, 5e, 6a, 6c, 6e, 7d, and 7e are offered as a Source Data file.26.27.Code availabilityCustom codes to visualize the CYP82C2 homology model in MacPyMOL and conduct statistics in R are available at https:github.combrendenbarco.28.29.Received: 16 August 2018 Accepted: 14 July30.Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging (2011) 38:57691 DOI 10.1007s00259-010-1663-REVIEW ARTICLEMeasuring serotonin synthesis: from standard procedures to PET tracers and their (pre)clinical implicationsAnniek K. D. Visser Aren van Waarde Antoon T. M. Willemsen Fokko J. Bosker Paul G. M. Luiten Johan A. den Boer Ido P. Kema Rudi A. J. O. DierckxReceived: 17 June 2010 Accepted: 1 November 2010 Published online: 27 November 2010 # The Author(s) 2010. This short article is published with open access at Springerlink.comAbstract The serotonergic technique on the brain is complex, with an in depth innervation pattern covering all brain regions and endowed with at the least 15 distinct receptors (every with their specific distribution patterns), certain reuptake mechanisms and synthetic processes. A lot of elements on the functioning of your serotonergic technique are nevertheless unclear, partially because in the difficulty of measuring physiological processes within the living brain. Within this critique we give an overview of the standard techniques ofA. K. D. Visser: A. van Waarde : A. T. M. Willemsen : J. A. den Boer : R. A. J. O. Dierckx Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] F. J. Bosker : J. A. den Boer University Center of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Healthcare Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands P. G. M. Luiten Division of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Center for Behavior and Neurosciences, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands I. P. Kema Methenamine manufacturer Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands R. A. J. O. Dierckx Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgiummeasuring serotonin synthesis and procedures employing positron emission tomography (PET) tracers, far more particularly with respect to serotonergic function in affective issues. Standard techniques are invasive and don’t straight measure synthesis prices. Even though they might give insight into turnover prices, a additional direct measurement may possibly be preferred. PET is usually a noninvasive approach which can trace metabolic processes, like serotonin synthesis. Tracers developed for this goal are -[11C]methyltryptophan ([11C]AMT) and 5-hydroxy-L-[-11C]tryptophan ([11C]5HTP). Each tracers have benefits and disadvantages. [11C]AMT can enter the kynurenine pathway beneath inflammatory situations (and hence present a false signal), but this tracer has been used in quite a few research le.