Ntries is reflected within the behaviour of your diverse university’s students. South African students didn’t know how to work with Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) probably mainly because they were not given the opportunity to perform so or because it is pricey. Nonetheless, South African students had to adapt towards the greatest extent to working with the digital mastering environment since the outbreak of COVID-19 due to the fact most had accessed the university’s on the net atmosphere from university facilities. This was not the case for the Hungarian and Welsh students. Respondents from Hungary and Wales were clearly digitally far more ready for an exclusively on-line finding out atmosphere than the South African Students. Prior investigation shows that South African students struggle to afford online access [34] and this may explain the difference. But, through the pandemic, all South African students have been offered computer systems and information bundles to facilitate access to university resources from their mobile phones. On the other hand, no such accommodation was made for the Welsh and Hungarian students. Even so, it is most likely that the majority of these students had broadband at household in Hungary [31] and in Wales [2]. 6. Contributions In this paper, we make the following contributions: We contribute to the body of knowledge of cyber security and cyber safety behaviour, and in certain the cyber safety and safety threat perceptions -attitudes and concerns–as effectively as student behavioural changed in on-line finding out atmosphere during COVID19 lockdown. We undertook an original, international (3 countries, each created and developing/developed), comparative, quantitative study project which has revealed important differences between the participating universities, using the most important variations being threat perception attitude and issues, followed by changed behaviour. The differences amongst student cyber-related risk perception attitude, concerns too as changed behaviour could be attributed for the differing cyber security awareness, digital development level, and in addition, diverse level of cyber safety literacy and education with the participating nations: South Africa, Wales, and Hungary. Primarily based on the outcomes from this study, numerous ideas are produced to influence future pedagogical approaches to university cyber-related education. 7. Limitations and Future Research The study focused on one particular university in each of the three countries. Additional study will must be conducted to involve additional universities to acquire greater insights. All findings depend on self-reporting, which has undeniable shortcomings. Nevertheless, offered that the study was carried out through the pandemic, this was regarded the very best strategy to reach all the students studying remotely. Only two queries have been incorporated to reveal behavioural adjustments, which could possibly not have uncovered all achievable alterations and/or behaviours. Even so, these concerns served to supply evidence of adjustments triggered by heightened danger perceptions along with the switch to on the internet mastering.Electronics 2021, ten,16 of8. Conclusions and Tiaprofenic acid Epigenetics Suggestions Primarily based on these published literacy levels, it will be expected to Poly(4-vinylphenol) Metabolic Enzyme/Protease determine the highest levels of danger perception and changed behaviour for the duration of COVID-19 inside the Welsh University students, the least in the South African students as well as the Hungarian students somewhere in-between. This study sought to examine, and contrast threat perceptions and protective behaviours engaged in by students in 3 nations with very dif.