Ssium silicate amongst 2940 and 1470 ppm cross the exocarp towards the mesocarp, forming a layer that decreases the respiration price (CO2 ) as a result of gas exchange. Also, the accumulation of antioxidants and total phenols within the “Hass” avocado fruit maintains their high-quality for extended periods of refrigeration. Even so, preharvest applications have no effect on excellent [88] (Table two). 4. Future Perspectives The industrial application of biostimulants is rising exponentially. As an example, in Europe, more than 6.2 million ha of land is treated per annum with these natural-derived molecules to raise yield and meals high quality [89]. On the other hand, their application is still restricted because of inconsistent efficacy in comparison with synthetic agrochemicals, largely on account of the lack of information with regard towards the molecular mechanisms connected with all the plant metabolism induced by their application [90]. Similarly, although the antifungal and elicitor effectsMolecules 2021, 26,eight ofof GRAS compounds is evident, it is necessary to identify and characterize the molecular mechanisms which are differentially induced when applied. Lately, the avocado genome has been sequenced [91,92]. This data opens the possibility of investigating, from a genome-wide point of view, the responses induced by GRAS molecules with regard to this important fruit. This could help us not only to know the molecular mechanisms that activate the induced defense responses but to design and strengthen alternative processes with regard for the chemical handle of pathogens. 5. Conclusions This assessment shows the advances in the use of non-chemical therapies (organic or biological compounds) which have an antifungal impact and induce defense mechanisms of avocado fruit. Critical oils, Bacillus sp., volatile organic compounds, chitosan and silicon happen to be shown to possess these properties. In vitro, they minimize the viability on the fungus, and in fruits they regulate genes for the expression of response enzymes and antioxidants. In DMPO References addition, they’ve been shown to extend the postharvest life in the fruit.Author Contributions: Conceptualization, J.A.H.-G. and P.G.-M.; investigation, J.A.H.-G., S.B.-B., M.S., P.G.-M. and G.R.; writing–original draft preparation, J.A.H.-G.; writing–review and editing, P.G.-M., S.B.-B., M.S. and G.R.; funding acquisition, P.G.-M. and J.A.H.-G. All authors have study and agreed for the published version with the manuscript. Funding: This analysis was funded by “Programas Nacionales Estrat icos de Ciencia, Tecnolog y MNITMT MedChemExpress Vinculaci con los Sectores Social, P lico y Privado” CONACyT-Mexico, grant number 316080. Institutional Overview Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: The information presented within this study are readily available on request from the corresponding author. Acknowledgments: Specific thanks are provided to CONACyT Grant for economic support of your investigation and Euphresco fundamentals project. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
moleculesArticleAntiviral Activities of Halogenated Emodin Derivatives against Human Coronavirus NLMonika Horvat 1 , Martina Avbelj 2 , Mar Beatriz Dur -Alonso three , Mihailo Banjanac 4 , Hrvoje Petkovi2, c and Jernej Iskra 1, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Ljubljana, Ve na pot 113, c 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; mart.