Lving 12 M sodium Inositol nicotinate web Hydroxide MNITMT Formula powder (Sigma ldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA
Lving 12 M sodium hydroxide powder (Sigma ldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, analytical grade) and sodium silicate (technical grade) in acceptable ratio (volume ratio Na2 SiO3 /NaOH = 1.five). Commercially obtainable Nd2 O3 (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium, 99.9 ) and Sm2 O3 (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, 99+) powder was mixed in the course of process of geopolymerization in geopolymer paste. The two weight fractions of both of those oxides (1 and five ) had been used in procedure of preparation of geopolymer samples. Metakaolin/Nd2 O3 , Sm2 O3 and also the alkaline answer (solid/liquid ratio was 1.0) had been mixed for 15 min then left at area temperature for one day. Soon after that, the mixture was kept at 60 C for more two days in acceptable covered molds and subsequently aged at room temperature in controlled conditions for 28 days. 4.2. Approaches and CharacterizationThermodynamic parameters of activating option have been examined. Making use of the Anton Paar DSA 5000 M digital densitometer, the density as well as the speed of sound had been measured. The range of density measurements on this device is from 0 to 3 10-3 kgm-3 , as well as the speed of sound is from 1000 to 2000 m s-1 . Experimental measurement of refractive index was performed on an automatic refractometer (model Anton Paar RXA 156), which operates at a wavelength of 589 nm. The device features a built-in thermostat with an accuracy of .03 K by which the temperature of the samples is kept continuous through the measurement. The measurement array of the refractive index is from 1.32 to 1.56. For all thermodynamics parameters, all measurements had been performed within the temperature variety from 288.15 K to 333.15 K. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) is really a affordable, quick and nondestructive way of evaluating clay minerals and their merchandise [25]. Drift spectra were obtained employing the Perkin lmer FTIR spectrometer. Approximately 5Gels 2021, 7,14 ofsamples were dispersed in oven-dried spectroscopic grade KBr with the refractive index of 1.559 and particle size of 50 . Background KBr spectra had been obtained and spectra were rationed for the background. The spectra had been scanned at four cm-1 resolution and collected inside the mid-IR area from 4000 to 400 cm-1 .XRD measurements have been conducted at space temperature employing Ultima IV Rigaku diffractometer, equipped with CuK1,two radiation, working with a generator voltage (40.0 kV) along with a generator current (40.0 mA). The array of 50 two was employed for all powders inside a continuous scan mode using a scanning step size of 0.02 and at a scan rate of five /min making use of D/TeX Ultrahigh-speed detector. Samples had been crushed within the in a porcelain mortar towards the fineness of a fine powder. Si onocrystalline sample carrier was used. The PDXL2 (Ver. 2.8.four.0) software was utilized to evaluate the phase identification and microstructure properties of material [62,63]. All obtained powders had been identified utilizing the ICDD data base [64]. For phase identification, selected PDF card numbers have been utilized: Quartz (SiO2 ; 01-079-6237), Albite (Na(AlSi3 O8 ); 01-0840982), Muscovite (KAl2 (Si,Al)four O10 (OH)two ; 00-058-2036), Samarium Oxide (Sm2 O3 ; 00-042-1464), Neodymium Hydroxide Nd (OH)3 , 01-070-0214) and Neodymium oxide (Nd2 O3 , 00-006-0408). XPS analysis was performed employing a SPECS instrument for detailed chemical composition characterization making use of X-ray-induced photoelectron spectroscopy. Much more detailed explanation might be identified in Nenadovic et al., 2017 [31] and Ivanovic et al., 2020 [33]. Photoelectron emission was exc.