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(2021) 22:899 Sun et al. BMC Genomics doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08213-wRESEARCHOpen AccessTranscriptome comparative analysis of Ovarian follicles reveals the essential genes and signaling pathways implicated in hen egg productionXue Sun1,2, Xiaoxia Chen1,2, Jinghua Zhao1,2, Chang Ma1,2, Chunchi Yan1,two, Simushi Liswaniso1,2, Rifu Xu1,two and Ning Qin1,2Abstract Background: Ovarian follicle improvement plays a crucial role in determination of poultry egg production. The follicles in the different developmental stages possess their own distinct molecular genetic traits and have unique biological roles in chicken ovary development and function. Within the each stage, quite a few genes of follicle-specific expression and biological pathways are involved within the vary-sized follicular improvement and physiological events. Identification of the pivotal genes and signaling pathways that manage the follicular development is useful for understanding their exact regulatory functions and molecular mechanisms underlying egg-laying traits of laying hens. Results: The comparative mRNA transcriptomic evaluation of ovarian follicles at three important developmental stages such as slow developing white follicles (GWF), modest yellow follicles (SYF) of recruitment into the hierarchy, and differentiated huge yellow follicles (LYF), was achieved in the layers with decrease and higher egg production. Totally, 137, 447, and 229 of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 99, 97, and 157 of down-regulated DEGs within the GWF, SYF and LYF follicles, like VIPR1, VIPR2, ADRB2, and HSD17B1 have been identified, respectively. Moreover, NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 genes, two most promising candidates potentially related with egg-laying performance have been screened out from the 13 co-expressed DEGs within the GWF, SYF and LYF samples. We additional investigated the biological effects of NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 on ovarian follicular development and found that NDUFAB1 promotes follicle improvement by stimulating granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and decreasing cell apoptosis, increases the expression of CCND1 and BCL-2 but attenuates the expression of caspase-3, and facilitates steroidogenesis by enhancing the expression of STAR and CYP11A1. In contrast, GABRA1 inhibits GC proliferation and stimulates cell apoptosis, decreases the expression of CCND1, BCL-2, STAR, and CYP11A1 but elevates the expression of caspase-3. In addition, the 3 critical signaling pathways for instance PPAR signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction have been considerably enriched, which could play crucial roles in ovarian follicle growth, differentiation, follicle selection, and maturation.Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Xue Sun and Xiaoxia Chen contributed equally to this function. two Division of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technologies, Jilin 5-HT6 Receptor Modulator site Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China Complete list of author information is obtainable at the finish on the articleThe Author(s) 2021. Open Access This short article is licensed under a Inventive Commons Attribution four.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided that you give appropriate 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist Storage & Stability credit towards the original author(s) along with the supply, offer a hyperlink to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if adjustments had been created. The pictures or