Coefficients between standard semen parameters and seminal plasma components1.Seminal Plasma Component Semen Trait Volume Sperm Concentration tMOT pMOT Typical Sperm Spermac Positive Osmolality pH TP ALB LDH CPK AST ALT NS NS NS NS NS AP Ca2+ P32 Na+ NS K+ NS Cl2 NS NS Mg2+ NS NS GLU CHO 0.38 NS NS 0.70 HCO32 CRT NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS UUN NS NS NS NS NS20.36 NS 0.5120.33 20.29 NS 0.48 NS 0.800.40 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS0.42 0.4620.28 NS NS NS20.41 NS 20.43 NS NS NS0.34 NS 0.36 NS NS NS20.29 NS 20.30 NS NS NS20.47 20.44 0.55 20.48 20.43 0.57 20.65 NS 0.620.32 20.37 0.38 NS 0.32 20.35 0.40 NS20.49 0.76 20.52 NS 20.34 NS 0.60 NS20.86 NS NS NS 0.3520.39 NS 0.34 NS NS NS0.61 NS NS NS NS NS20.34 NS 0.49 NS20.38 20.60 0.42 0.69 NS 0.34 NS20.41 0.36 NS NS NS NS NS20.35 20.79 NS NS 0.73 NS0.71 0.72 NS NS20.55 NS20.73 NS1 Seminal Plasma Components: Total Protein (TP), mg/ml; Albumin (ALB), mg/ml; Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), U/L; Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), U/L; Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), U/L; Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), U/L; Alkaline phosphatase (AP), U/L; Calcium (Ca2+), mg/dl; Phosphorus (P32), mg/dl; Sodium (Na+), mmol/L; Potassium (K+), mmol/L; Chloride (Cl2), mmol/L; Magnesium (Mg2+), mg/dl; Glucose (GLU), mg/dl; Cholesterol (CHO), mg/dl; Bicarbonate (HCO32), mmol/L; Creatinine (CRT), mg/dl; Urea nitrogen (UUN), mg/dl. P,0.05; NS: Not considerable. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071033.tImmunoblotting for detection of lactotransferrin. To confirm the proteomic identification, immunoblotting was employed to detect lactotransferrin in seminal plasma samples from ejaculates exhibiting great versus poor motility (Figure five). Equivalent for the trend observed in SDS-PAGE, the presence of lactotransferrin was confirmed inside the majority of your good motility samples, though only a small percentage of poor motility samples (8 ) also exhibited the presence of lactotransferrin within the seminal plasma (Figure five).DiscussionA important challenge to implementing AI as a genetic management tool in elephants has been the inability to consistently gather great excellent ejaculates. In this study, we analyzed the seminal plasma chemistry and protein profile of fantastic vs. poor motility ejaculates. Benefits demonstrated that urine contamination alone was not usually a contributing aspect to poor motility. Seminal plasma pH, CPK, Na+, Cl2, and GLU, presumably from accessory gland sources, were regularly greater in fantastic compared with poor motility ejaculates. One of the most surprising acquiring was the presence of lactotransferrin in ,85 ejaculates with excellent motility compared with poor motility counterparts. These data supply the first proof of good correlation among presence of lactotransferrin and Asian elephant sperm motility, and recommend that the presence and/or absence of accessory gland contributions inside the Asian elephant plays a profound function in explaining the variability in quality amongst ejaculates, even from the similar bull. Together with the exception of osmolality, SphK2 Purity & Documentation comparison of semen traits involving fantastic and poor sperm motility groups exhibited considerable variations among all traits. Fantastic motility ejaculates contained larger proportions of spermatozoa that had been morphologically normal and stained optimistic with Spermac stain. Mean ejaculate volume reported in this study was in agreement with values previously reported for the Beta-secretase Storage & Stability rectal massage approach [8,9,10] also as other approaches such as rectal massage with standing sedation [11], electroejacu.